JavaScript Object Prototypes

All JavaScript objects inherit properties and methods from a prototype.
in the previous chapter we learned how to use an object constructor.
function Person( first, last, age, eyecolor) {
    this.firstName = first;
    this.lastName = last;
    this.age = age;
    this.eyecolor  = color;
}
var myFather = new Person("John", "Doe", 50, "blue");
var myMother = new Person("Sally", "Rally", 48, "green");

Prototype Inheritance
All JavaScript objects inherit properties and methods from a prototype.
Date objects inherit from Data.prototype. Array objects inherit from Array.prototype. Person objects inherit from Person.prototype. The Object.prototype is on the top of the prototype inheritance chain:
Date objects, Array objects, and Person objects inherit from Object.prototype.

Adding Properties and Methods to Objects
Somtimes you want ot add new proerties (or methods) to all existing objcts of a given type.
sometimes you want to add new properties( or methods) to an object constructor.

Using the Prototype Property
The JavaScript prototype property allows you to add new properties to object constructors:
function Person( first, last, age, eyecolor)
{
    this.firstName = first;
    this.lastName = last;
    this.age = age;
    this.eyecolor = color;
}
Person.prototype.nationality = "English";

SQL Server 打開SA 帳號,並確保可以正常工作的工具與流程

這邊可以確定是已sa來login了

sql server configuration manager這邊的TCP/IP要確定打開,除此之外

防火牆設定(

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/sql/sql-server/install/configure-the-windows-firewall-to-allow-sql-server-access?view=sql-server-2017

)也必須確認沒有被擋 

上面的檔案預設可以在這個路徑上找得到 C:\Windows\SysWOW64

關於 SQL server connectionstring

1. select "manage user secrets" option from project file.
2.  found such kind of string
{
  "ConnectionStrings:DefaultConnection": "Data Source=TERENCELIU_HP_N;Initial Catalog=RetailStuff;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=False;ApplicationIntent=ReadWrite;MultiSubnetFailover=False"
}

3. in red, you can copy such kind of string from SQL Server Explorer directly,
4. see this picture

you could see a connectionstring field, just copy and paste it.

AngularJS

ng-init --> we are not use this directive often. it is only for

<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl">
{{firstName+" "+lastName}}
</div>

<script>
var app = angular.module("myApp",[]);
app.controller("myCtrl", function($scope) {
    $scope.firstName = "Terence";
    $scope.lastName = "Liu";
});
</script>

jQuery Event Methods & What is AJAX?

What are Events?
All  the different visitor's action that a web page can respond to are a called event.

What is AJAX?
AJAX  = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
In short; AJAX is about loading data in the background and display it on the webpage, without reloading the whole page.
examples of applications using AJAX: Gmail, Google Maps, Youtube, and Facebook tabs.
you can learn more about AJAX in our AJAX tutorial.

jQuery Chaining

With jQuery, you can chain together actions/methods
Chaining allow us to run multiple jQuery methods (on the same element) within a single statement.

jQuery Method Chaining
Until now we have been writing jQuery statement one at a time( one after the other)
However, there is a technique called chaining, that allows us to run multiple jQuery commands, one after the other, one the same element(s).

jQuery DOM Manipulation
One very import part of jQuery is the possibility to manipulate the DOM.
jQueyr comes with a bunch of DOM related methods that make it easy to access and manipulate elemens and attributes.

jQuery Dimensions

JQuery

Basic syntax is :$(selector).action()
- A $ sign to define/access JQuery
- A(selector) to "query (or find)" HTML elements
- A jQuery action() to be performed on the elements(s)

examples:
$(this).hide() - hides the current element.
$("p').hide() - hides all <p> elements
$(".test").hide()  hides all elements with class ="test"
$("#test").hid() hides all elements with id = "test"

Are you familiar with CSS selector?
jQuery uses CSS syntax to select elements. You will learn more about he selector syntax in the next chapter of this tutorial.

The Document Ready Event
$(document).ready(function ()
{
}

This is to prevent any jQuery code from running before the document is finished loading  (is ready).

More Examples of jQuery Selectors

Syntax	Description	Example
$("*")	Selects all elements	Try it
$(this)	Selects the current HTML element	Try it
$("p.intro")	Selects all <p> elements with class="intro"	Try it
$("p:first")	Selects the first <p> element	Try it
$("ul li:first")	Selects the first <li> element of the first <ul>	Try it
$("ul li:first-child")	Selects the first <li> element of every <ul>	Try it
$("[href]")	Selects all elements with an href attribute	Try it
$("a[target='_blank']")	Selects all <a> elements with a target attribute value equal to "_blank"	Try it
$("a[target!='_blank']")	Selects all <a> elements with a target attribute value NOT equal to "_blank"	Try it
$(":button")	Selects all <button> elements and <input> elements of type="button"	Try it
$("tr:even")	Selects all even <tr> elements	Try it
$("tr:odd")	Selects all odd <tr> elements	Try it

Use our jQuery Selector Tester to demonstrate the different selectors.

functions In a Separate File

If your website contains a lot of pages, and you want your jQuery functions to be easy to maintain, you can put your jQury functions in a separate .js file.

When we demonstrate jQuery in this tutorial, the functions are added directly into teh <head> section. However, sometimes it is preferable to place them in a separate file, like (use the src attribute to refer to the .js file).

ASP.NET MVC6 default debugging launch URL

refer to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30002050/asp-net-mvc-6-default-debugging-launch-url

Q: When using the new Visual Studio 2015 RC ASP.NET 5.0 Web API template the default debugging start up URL is somehow set to api/values. Where is this default configured and how do I change it?

Ans:
    here was very little documentation that I could find regarding where this start up URL was declared. There is a brief mention of it in this blog post on MSDN. I eventually stumbled upon it in the launchSettings.json file under the Properties node of the project as shown below:

Here are the contents of this file:

{
  "profiles": {
    "IIS Express": {
      "commandName" : "IISExpress",
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "launchUrl": "api/values",
      "environmentVariables" : {
        "ASPNET_ENV": "Development"
      }
    }
  }
}

You can change the launchURL to your desired default route.

VueJS learning notes

JavaScript JSON

What is JSON?

1. • JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation
   • JSON is lightweight data interchange format
   • JSON is language independent *
   • JSON is "self-describing" and easy to understand
   * The JSON syntax is derived from JavaScript object notation syntax, but the JSON format is text only. Code for reading and generating JSON data can be written in any programming language.

   ---

   JSON Example

   This JSON syntax defines an employees object: an array of 3 employee records (objects):

   JSON Example

   {
   "employees":[
       {"firstName":"John", "lastName":"Doe"}, 
       {"firstName":"Anna", "lastName":"Smith"},
       {"firstName":"Peter", "lastName":"Jones"}
   ]
   }
   

   ---

   The JSON Format Evaluates to JavaScript Objects

   The JSON format is syntactically identical to the code for creating JavaScript objects.
   Because of this similarity, a JavaScript program can easily convert JSON data into native JavaScript objects.

   ---

   JSON Syntax Rules

• Data is in name/value pairs
• Data is separated by commas
• Curly braces hold objects
• Square brackets hold arrays

Converting a JSON Text to a JavaScript Object

A common use of JSON is to read data from a web server, and display the data in a web page.

For simplicity, this can be demonstrated using a string as input.

First, create a JavaScript string containing JSON syntax:

var text = '{ "employees" : [' +
'{ "firstName":"John" , "lastName":"Doe" },' +
'{ "firstName":"Anna" , "lastName":"Smith" },' +
'{ "firstName":"Peter" , "lastName":"Jones" } ]}';

Then, use the JavaScript built-in function JSON.parse() to convert the string into a JavaScript object:

var obj = JSON.parse(text);

Finally, use the new JavaScript object in your page:

Example

<p id="demo"></p>

<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
obj.employees[1].firstName + " " + obj.employees[1].lastName;</script>

JS Reserved Words

avaScript Objects, Properties, and Methods

You should also avoid using the name of JavaScript built-in objects, properties, and methods:

Array	Date	eval	function
hasOwnProperty	Infinity	isFinite	isNaN
isPrototypeOf	length	Math	NaN
name	Number	Object	prototype
String	toString	undefined	valueOf

---

Java Reserved Words

JavaScript is often used together with Java. You should avoid using some Java objects and properties as JavaScript identifiers:

getClass	java	JavaArray	javaClass
JavaObject	JavaPackage

---

Other Reserved Words

JavaScript can be used as the programming language in many applications.

You should also avoid using the name of HTML and Window objects and properties:

alert	all	anchor	anchors
area	assign	blur	button
checkbox	clearInterval	clearTimeout	clientInformation
close	closed	confirm	constructor
crypto	decodeURI	decodeURIComponent	defaultStatus
document	element	elements	embed
embeds	encodeURI	encodeURIComponent	escape
event	fileUpload	focus	form
forms	frame	innerHeight	innerWidth
layer	layers	link	location
mimeTypes	navigate	navigator	frames
frameRate	hidden	history	image
images	offscreenBuffering	open	opener
option	outerHeight	outerWidth	packages
pageXOffset	pageYOffset	parent	parseFloat
parseInt	password	pkcs11	plugin
prompt	propertyIsEnum	radio	reset
screenX	screenY	scroll	secure
select	self	setInterval	setTimeout
status	submit	taint	text
textarea	top	unescape	untaint
window

---

HTML Event Handlers

In addition you should avoid using the name of all HTML event handlers.

Examples:

onblur	onclick	onerror	onfocus
onkeydown	onkeypress	onkeyup	onmouseover
onload	onmouseup	onmousedown	onsubmit

JavaScript Style Guide and Coding Conventions

Always use the same coding conventions for all your JavaScript projects.

JavaScript Coding Conventions
Coding conventions are style guidelines for programming. They typically cover:

• Naming and declaration rules for variables and functions.
• Rules for the use of white space, indentation, and comments.
• Programming practices and princiles

Coding conventions secure quality:

• Improves code readability
• Make code maintenance easier

Coding conventions can be documented rules for teams to follow, or just be your individual coding practice.

Never Declare Number, String, or Boolean Objects

Always treat numbers, strings, or booleans as primitive values. Not as objects.

Declaring these types as objects, slows down execution speed, and products nasty side effects:

Use === Comparison

The == comparison operator always converts (to matching types) before comparison.

The === operator forces comparison of values and type:

Example

0 == "";        // true1 == "1";       // true1 == true;      // true
0 === "";       // false1 === "1";      // false1 === true;     // false

Try it Yourself »

---

Use Parameter Defaults

If a function is called with a missing argument, the value of the missing argument is set to undefined.

Undefined values can break your code. It is a good habit to assign default values to arguments.

Example

function myFunction(x, y) {
    if (y === undefined) {
        y = 0;
    }
}

Try it Yourself »

Read more about function parameters and arguments at Function Parameters

Avoid Using eval()

The eval() function is used to run text as code. In almost all cases, it should not be necessary to use it.

Because it allows arbitrary code to be run, it also represents a security problem.

JavaScript Debugging

❝

Errors can (will) happen, every time you write some new computer code.

---

JavaScript Debuggers

Debugging is not easy. But fortunately, all modern browsers have a built-in JavaScript debugger.

Built-in debuggers can be turned on and off, forcing errors to be reported to the user.

With a debugger, you can also set breakpoints (places where code execution can be stopped), and examine variables while the code is executing.

Normally, otherwise follow the steps at the bottom of this page, you activate debugging in your browser with the F12 key, and select "Console" in the debugger menu.

---

The console.log() Method

If your browser supports debugging, you can use console.log() to display JavaScript values in the debugger window:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Web Page</h1>

<script>
a = 5;
b = 6;
c = a + b;
console.log(c);</script>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

Tip: Read more about the console.log() method in our JavaScript Console Reference.

---

Setting Breakpoints

In the debugger window, you can set breakpoints in the JavaScript code.

At each breakpoint, JavaScript will stop executing, and let you examine JavaScript values.

After examining values, you can resume the execution of code (typically with a play button).

Major Browsers' Debugging Tools

Normally, you activate debugging in your browser with F12, and select "Console" in the debugger menu.

Otherwise follow these steps:

Chrome

• Open the browser.
• From the menu, select tools.
• From tools, choose developer tools.
• Finally, select Console.

Firefox Firebug

• Open the browser.
• Go to the web page:
  http://www.getfirebug.com
• Follow the instructions how to:
  install Firebug

Internet Explorer

• Open the browser.
• From the menu, select tools.
• From tools, choose developer tools.
• Finally, select Console.

Opera

• Open the browser.
• Go to the webpage:
  http://dev.opera.com
• Follow the instructions how to:
  add a Developer Console button to your toolbar.

Safari Firebug

• Open the browser.
• Go to the webpage:
  http://safari-extensions.apple.com
• Follow the instructions how to:
  install Firebug Lite.

Safari Develop Menu

• Go to Safari, Preferences, Advanced in the main menu.
• Check "Enable Show Develop menu in menu bar".
• When the new option "Develop" appears in the menu:
  Choose "Show Error Console".

---

Did You Know?

Debugging is the process of testing, finding, and reducing bugs (errors) in computer programs.
The first known computer bug was a real bug (an insect) stuck in the electronics.

JavaScript Errors - Throw and Try to Catch

JavaScript try and catch

The try statement allows you to define a block fo code to be tested for errors while it is being executed.

The catch statement allows you to define a block of code to be executed, if an error occurs in the try block.

The JavaScript statement try and catch come in pairs.

JavaScript Throws Errors

when an error occurs, JavaScript will normally stop and generate an error message.

The technical term for this is: JavaScript will throw an exception (throw an error).

JavaScript will actually create an Error object with two properties: name and message.

---

The throw Statement

The throw statement allows you to create a custom error.

Technically you can throw an exception (throw an error).

The exception can be a JavaScript String, a Number, a Boolean or an Object:

hrow "Too big";    // throw a textthrow 500;          // throw a number

If you use throw together with try and catch, you can control program flow and generate custom error messages.

Input Validation Example

This example examines input. If the value is wrong, an exception (err) is thrown.

The exception (err) is caught by the catch statement and a custom error message is displayed:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<p>Please input a number between 5 and 10:</p>

<input id="demo" type="text">
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Test Input</button>
<p id="p01"></p>

<script>
function myFunction() {
    var message, x;
    message = document.getElementById("p01");
    message.innerHTML = "";
    x = document.getElementById("demo").value;
    try { 
        if(x == "") throw "empty";
        if(isNaN(x)) throw "not a number";
        x = Number(x);
        if(x < 5) throw "too low";
        if(x > 10) throw "too high";
    }
    catch(err) {
        message.innerHTML = "Input is " + err;
    }
}</script>

</body>
</html>

Try it Yourself »

---

HTML Validation

The code above is just an example.

Modern browsers will often use a combination of JavaScript and built-in HTML validation, using predefined validation rules defined in HTML attributes:

<input id="demo" type="number" min="5" max="10" step="1"

You can read more about forms validation in a later chapter of this tutorial.

The finally Statement

The finally statement lets you execute code, after try and catch, regardless of the result.

try {
    Block of code to try}
catch(err) {
    Block of code to handle errors} 
finally {
    Block of code to be executed regardless of the try / catch result}

The Error Object

JavaScript has a built in error object that provides error information when an error occurs.

The error object provides two useful properties: name and message.

---

Error Object Properties

Property	Description
name	Sets or returns an error name
message	Sets or returns an error message (a string)

Error Name Values

Six different values can be returned by the error name property:

Error Name	Description
EvalError	An error has occurred in the eval() function
RangeError	A number "out of range" has occurred
ReferenceError	An illegal reference has occurred
SyntaxError	A syntax error has occurred
TypeError	A type error has occurred
URIError	An error in encodeURI() has occurred

The six different values are described below.

Eval Error

An EvalError indicates an error in the eval() function.

Newer versions of JavaScript does not throw any EvalError. Use SyntaxError instead.

---

Range Error

A RangeError is thrown if you use a number that is outside the range of legal values.

For example: You cannot set the number of significant digits of a number to 500.

Example

var num = 1;
try {
    num.toPrecision(500);   // A number cannot have 500 significant digits}
catch(err) {
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = err.name;
}

Try it Yourself »

Non-Standard Error Object Properties

Mozilla and Microsoft defines some non-standard error object properties:

fileName (Mozilla)
lineNumber (Mozilla)
columnNumber (Mozilla)
stack (Mozilla)
description (Microsoft)
number (Microsoft)

Do not use these properties in public web sites. They will not work in all browsers.